Root canal treatment | Dr Samson Olori – Paediatric Surgeon Abuja, Nigeria

What is root canal treatment?

Root canal treatment (endodontic therapy) is a dental procedure to save a tooth whose pulp (the soft tissue inside the tooth containing nerves and blood vessels) is infected or damaged. The dentist or endodontist removes the diseased pulp, cleans and shapes the root canals, and seals them with a rubber-like material (gutta-percha). This relieves pain, stops the spread of infection, and allows the tooth to remain in place and function normally. A filling or crown is usually placed afterward to protect the tooth.

Causes and symptoms

The most common cause is tooth decay that has reached the pulp. Other causes include trauma (crack, chip, or fracture), repeated dental work on the tooth, and advanced gum disease exposing the roots. Symptoms include severe toothache (especially when chewing or with pressure), prolonged sensitivity to hot or cold, darkening of the tooth, swelling or tenderness of the gums, a pimple-like bump on the gum that may drain pus, and sometimes fever or feeling unwell. Some teeth with pulp damage cause no symptoms and are picked up on examination or X-ray—so regular check-ups are important.

What happens during treatment?

The tooth is numbed with local anaesthesia. A rubber dam is placed to keep the tooth dry and clean. The dentist makes a small opening in the tooth to reach the pulp chamber and root canals, then uses fine instruments and disinfectant to remove the infected pulp and shape the canals. The canals are filled with gutta-percha and sealed. A temporary or permanent filling closes the opening; a crown is often recommended to strengthen the tooth. The procedure may take one or more visits depending on complexity. Without treatment, infection can spread, cause an abscess, and may lead to loss of the tooth or serious illness.

Aftercare

Avoid chewing on the treated tooth until it is fully restored. Brush and floss normally; rinse with warm salt water or an antiseptic mouthwash if advised. Take any prescribed medication. Attend follow-up to complete the restoration (filling or crown) and to check that the tooth and surrounding bone are healing. Avoid smoking and limit hard, sticky, or sugary foods that could damage the tooth or restoration.

Frequently asked questions

Is root canal treatment painful?
The procedure is done under local anaesthesia, so you should not feel pain during it. Some soreness afterward is common and can be managed with over-the-counter or prescribed pain relief.
Can the tooth last after root canal?
With a proper filling or crown and good oral care, a root-filled tooth can last many years and function like any other tooth. We advise on follow-up and when to see your dentist.
What if I don’t have treatment?
Infection can spread, cause an abscess, and damage the bone around the root. In severe cases it can lead to serious illness. The tooth may eventually need to be removed.